"hors" meaning in Middle English

See hors in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective|var=1}} hors
  1. alternative form of hos Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: hos
    Sense id: en-hors-enm-adj-ZGeurSoZ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2 Categories (other): Equestrianism, Livestock, Military Disambiguation of Equestrianism: 0 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Livestock: 0 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Military: 0 0 0 0

Noun

IPA: /hɔrs/ Forms: hors [plural], horses [plural], horsen [plural, rare], horce [alternative], horse [alternative], horsse [alternative], ors [alternative], horrs [alternative, Ormulum]
Etymology: From Old English hors, from Proto-West Germanic *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“run”). Etymology templates: {{etymon|enm|:inh|ang:hors<id:horse>|id=horse}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "is_uncertain" : true, "id" : "virile man", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "virile man", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "virile man", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_uncertain" : true, "id" : "rain", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₁wers-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "rise", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*wers-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "nominal suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-ḗn", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*wérsēn", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-Iranian", "term" : "*(w)ŕ̥šā", "lang" : "iir-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Iranian", "term" : "*(w)ŕ̥šā", "lang" : "ira-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*hrussą", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*hross", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "hors", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "hors", "lang" : "enm" }" data-id="horse" data-lang="enm" data-title="hors" id="Middle_English:_horse">, {{inh|enm|ang|hors}} Old English hors, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*hross}} Proto-West Germanic *hross, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*hrussą||horse}} Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”), {{der|enm|ine-pro|*ḱers-||run}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“run”) Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=|var=}} hors, {{enm-noun|pl=hors|pl2=horses|pl3=horsen|pl3_qual=rare}} hors (plural hors or horses or (rare) horsen)
  1. a horse (especially male and fully-grown)
    Sense id: en-hors-enm-noun-ptIWLCyt Categories (other): Horses Disambiguation of Horses: 6 43 20 31
  2. (rare) A horseman; a mounted soldier. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-hors-enm-noun-j8~KNcR2
  3. (rare) A means of transport (analogous to a horse) Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-hors-enm-noun-Wo089Vl1 Categories (other): Pages with 14 entries, Pages with entries, Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English nouns with invariant plurals, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of Pages with 14 entries: 2 2 6 3 16 4 4 53 3 6 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 1 3 2 22 2 2 61 1 3 1 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 15 10 75 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 22 8 6 65 Disambiguation of Middle English nouns with invariant plurals: 18 14 10 58 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 7 8 84
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: hors her, horsbak, horscomb, horsen, horshelne, horsman, horsmynte, horsscho, horstaile
Etymology number: 1 Categories (other): Equestrianism, Livestock, Military Disambiguation of Equestrianism: 0 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Livestock: 0 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Military: 0 0 0 0

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Equestrianism",
      "orig": "enm:Equestrianism",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Livestock",
      "orig": "enm:Livestock",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Military",
      "orig": "enm:Military",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "horse"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "hoss"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "horse"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "hoarse"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "hors"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "hors",
      "hors#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*hross",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hross"
    ],
    [
      "*hrussą",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrussą"
    ],
    [
      "*ḱers-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱers-"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:hors<id:horse>",
        "id": "horse"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"virile man\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"virile man\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"virile man\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"rain\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁wers-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"rise\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wers-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ḗn\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wérsēn\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*(w)ŕ̥šā\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*(w)ŕ̥šā\", \"lang\" : \"ira-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hrussą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hross\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hors\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hors\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"horse\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"hors\" id=\"Middle_English:_horse\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hors"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hors",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hross"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hross",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrussą",
        "4": "",
        "5": "horse"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱers-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "run"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“run”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English hors, from Proto-West Germanic *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“run”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hors",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horsen",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horce",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horsse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ors",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horrs",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "hors",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl": "hors",
        "pl2": "horses",
        "pl3": "horsen",
        "pl3_qual": "rare"
      },
      "expansion": "hors (plural hors or horses or (rare) horsen)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "hors her"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "horsbak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "horscomb"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "horsen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "horshelne"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "horsman"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "horsmynte"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "horsscho"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "horstaile"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 43 20 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Horses",
          "orig": "enm:Horses",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              33,
              38
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              71,
              76
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Then each man went quickly, hunting with hounds amongst tall trees, on horse and on foot, until he came close enough to notice the truth.",
          "ref": "c. 1335-1361, William of Palerne (MS. King's College 13), folio 36, recto, lines 2177-2179; republished as W. W. Skeat, editor, The Romance of William of Palerne, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1867, →OCLC, page 74:",
          "text": "þan haſtely hiȝed eche wiȝt · on hoꝛſe ⁊ on fote / huntyng wiȝt houndes · alle heie wodes / til þei neyȝyed ſo neiȝh · to nymphe þe ſoþe",
          "translation": "Then each man went quickly, hunting with hounds amongst tall trees, on horse and on foot, until he came close enough to notice the truth.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              62,
              66
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              50,
              56
            ]
          ],
          "english": "His lord's sheep, beef herd, dairy herd, / swine, horses, livestock, and poultry, / were entirely under this reeve's control […]",
          "ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 9, verso, lines 597-599:",
          "text": "Hıs loꝛdes sheep[e] / hıs neet / hıs daẏerẏe / Hıs swẏn / hıs hoꝛs / hıs stooꝛ / and hıs pultrẏe / Was hoollẏ / ın thıs Reues gou[er]nẏnge […]",
          "translation": "His lord's sheep, beef herd, dairy herd, / swine, horses, livestock, and poultry, / were entirely under this reeve's control […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              15,
              20
            ]
          ],
          "english": "And lo! A pale horse, and the name was Death for who that sat on him, and hell trailed him. And power was given to him over four parts of the earth, to slay with sword, and with hunger, and with death, and with the earth's creatures.",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 6:8, folio 119, recto, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "⁊ lo a pale hoꝛs .· and þe name was deþ to him þat ſat on hym and helle ſuede him / and power was ȝouen to him on foure partis of þe erþe .· to ſle with ſwerd / ⁊ wiþ hungur / ⁊ wiþ deþ / ⁊ wiþ beeſtis of þe erþe",
          "translation": "And lo! A pale horse, and the name was Death for who that sat on him, and hell trailed him. And power was given to him over four parts of the earth, to slay with sword, and with hunger, and with death, and with the earth's creatures.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a horse (especially male and fully-grown)"
      ],
      "id": "en-hors-enm-noun-ptIWLCyt",
      "links": [
        [
          "horse",
          "horse"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A horseman; a mounted soldier."
      ],
      "id": "en-hors-enm-noun-j8~KNcR2",
      "links": [
        [
          "horseman",
          "horseman"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A horseman; a mounted soldier."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 6 3 16 4 4 53 3 6 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 14 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 3 2 22 2 2 61 1 3 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 10 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 8 6 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 14 10 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English nouns with invariant plurals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 8 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A means of transport (analogous to a horse)"
      ],
      "id": "en-hors-enm-noun-Wo089Vl1",
      "links": [
        [
          "analogous",
          "analogous#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A means of transport (analogous to a horse)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔrs/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hors"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Equestrianism",
      "orig": "enm:Equestrianism",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Livestock",
      "orig": "enm:Livestock",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Military",
      "orig": "enm:Military",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "var": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "hors",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "hos"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of hos"
      ],
      "id": "en-hors-enm-adj-ZGeurSoZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "hos",
          "hos#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hors"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with etymon",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English nouns with invariant plurals",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁wers-",
    "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wers- (rise)",
    "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱers-",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English variant lemmas",
    "Middle English weak nouns",
    "Pages with 14 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "enm:Equestrianism",
    "enm:Horses",
    "enm:Livestock",
    "enm:Military"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "horse"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "hoss"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "horse"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "hoarse"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "hors"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "hors",
      "hors#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*hross",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hross"
    ],
    [
      "*hrussą",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrussą"
    ],
    [
      "*ḱers-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱers-"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:hors<id:horse>",
        "id": "horse"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"virile man\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"virile man\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"virile man\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"rain\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁wers-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"rise\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wers-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ḗn\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wérsēn\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*(w)ŕ̥šā\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*(w)ŕ̥šā\", \"lang\" : \"ira-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hrussą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hross\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hors\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hors\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"horse\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"hors\" id=\"Middle_English:_horse\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hors"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hors",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hross"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hross",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrussą",
        "4": "",
        "5": "horse"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱers-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "run"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“run”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English hors, from Proto-West Germanic *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“run”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hors",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horsen",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horce",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horsse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ors",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "horrs",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "hors",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl": "hors",
        "pl2": "horses",
        "pl3": "horsen",
        "pl3_qual": "rare"
      },
      "expansion": "hors (plural hors or horses or (rare) horsen)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "hors her"
    },
    {
      "word": "horsbak"
    },
    {
      "word": "horscomb"
    },
    {
      "word": "horsen"
    },
    {
      "word": "horshelne"
    },
    {
      "word": "horsman"
    },
    {
      "word": "horsmynte"
    },
    {
      "word": "horsscho"
    },
    {
      "word": "horstaile"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              33,
              38
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              71,
              76
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Then each man went quickly, hunting with hounds amongst tall trees, on horse and on foot, until he came close enough to notice the truth.",
          "ref": "c. 1335-1361, William of Palerne (MS. King's College 13), folio 36, recto, lines 2177-2179; republished as W. W. Skeat, editor, The Romance of William of Palerne, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1867, →OCLC, page 74:",
          "text": "þan haſtely hiȝed eche wiȝt · on hoꝛſe ⁊ on fote / huntyng wiȝt houndes · alle heie wodes / til þei neyȝyed ſo neiȝh · to nymphe þe ſoþe",
          "translation": "Then each man went quickly, hunting with hounds amongst tall trees, on horse and on foot, until he came close enough to notice the truth.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              62,
              66
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              50,
              56
            ]
          ],
          "english": "His lord's sheep, beef herd, dairy herd, / swine, horses, livestock, and poultry, / were entirely under this reeve's control […]",
          "ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 9, verso, lines 597-599:",
          "text": "Hıs loꝛdes sheep[e] / hıs neet / hıs daẏerẏe / Hıs swẏn / hıs hoꝛs / hıs stooꝛ / and hıs pultrẏe / Was hoollẏ / ın thıs Reues gou[er]nẏnge […]",
          "translation": "His lord's sheep, beef herd, dairy herd, / swine, horses, livestock, and poultry, / were entirely under this reeve's control […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              15,
              20
            ]
          ],
          "english": "And lo! A pale horse, and the name was Death for who that sat on him, and hell trailed him. And power was given to him over four parts of the earth, to slay with sword, and with hunger, and with death, and with the earth's creatures.",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 6:8, folio 119, recto, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "⁊ lo a pale hoꝛs .· and þe name was deþ to him þat ſat on hym and helle ſuede him / and power was ȝouen to him on foure partis of þe erþe .· to ſle with ſwerd / ⁊ wiþ hungur / ⁊ wiþ deþ / ⁊ wiþ beeſtis of þe erþe",
          "translation": "And lo! A pale horse, and the name was Death for who that sat on him, and hell trailed him. And power was given to him over four parts of the earth, to slay with sword, and with hunger, and with death, and with the earth's creatures.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a horse (especially male and fully-grown)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "horse",
          "horse"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A horseman; a mounted soldier."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "horseman",
          "horseman"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A horseman; a mounted soldier."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A means of transport (analogous to a horse)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "analogous",
          "analogous#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A means of transport (analogous to a horse)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔrs/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hors"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English nouns with invariant plurals",
    "Middle English variant lemmas",
    "Middle English weak nouns",
    "Pages with 14 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Equestrianism",
    "enm:Horses",
    "enm:Livestock",
    "enm:Military"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "var": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "hors",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "hos"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of hos"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hos",
          "hos#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "hors"
}

Download raw JSONL data for hors meaning in Middle English (9.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.